Study of Martensitic Transformations in Shape Memory Alloys by Real-time Measurement of Surface Work Function Change
EMSL Project ID
11102
Abstract
Shape memory alloys (SMA) belong to the advanced intelligent materials, the properties of which can be programmed to carry out a required action. The alloys exhibit reversible shape changes (i.e. shape memory effect, SME) upon changes in external stress and/or temperature. This unique property is associated with martensitic transformation (MT) in solid state. Engineering applications of SMA's are steadily growing and development of new SMA's is being driven by market demands (esp. Microelectromechanical System, MEMS). The aim of the proposed project is to develop new experimental techniques of nondestructive identification of structural transitions taking place in the bulk of the transforming SMA and their modeling. The in-situ surface work function measurement technique to be developed shall provide 2D ("thin filmed surface") information concerning the onset and fractions of transforming austenite/martensite phases developing in the transforming shape memory alloy prepared in single- as well as polycrystalline form. These data are generally of high academic interests and important for the development of SMA and comparable to other experimental method.According to Wigner and Bardeen's double-layer theory, the change in lattice structure influences interlayer spacing, the charge and distribution of the electron density and therefore the surface work function. It has been reported that the difference in work function upon surface orientation is in the order of 0.1 eV to 0.5 eV. Recent study shows that the total electronic density of state at the Fermi energy of NiTi decreases as the successive austenite ? R phase ? martensite transformation proceeds, which indicates the change in work function associated with MT.
Two types of SMAs will be examined with UPS system at PNNL to work out the surface work function change with temperature: Cu-based and NiTi-based alloys. Both alloys have phase transformation temperature at around 50 ?C.
Project Details
Project type
Exploratory Research
Start Date
2005-06-20
End Date
2007-03-19
Status
Closed
Released Data Link
Team
Principal Investigator
Team Members
Related Publications
Cai M, SC Langford, JT Dickinson, G Xiong, TC Droubay, AG Joly, KM Beck, and WP Hess. 2007 "An In Situ Study of the Martensitic Transformation in Shape Memory Alloys using Photoemission Electron Microscopy." Journal of Nuclear Materials 361(2-3):306-312.
Xiong G, AG Joly, GR Holtom, CM Wang, DE McCready, KM Beck, and WP Hess. 2006. "Excited Carrier Dynamics of ?-Cr2O3/?-Fe2O3 Core-Shell Nanostructures." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110(34):16937-16940.
Xiong G, AG Joly, KM Beck, WP Hess, M Cai, SC Langford, and JT Dickinson. 2006. "In Situ Photoelectron Emission Microscopy of a Thermally Induced Martensitic Transformation in a CuZnAI Shape Memory Alloy." Applied Physics Letters 88(9):Art. No. 091910.
Xiong G, AG Joly, WP Hess, M Cai, and JT Dickinson. 2006. "Introduction to Photoelectron Emission Microscopy: Principles and Applications." Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society 25(1):15-25.