Projects

Understanding ice nucleating particles from agricultural dusts

Lead Institution

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Principal Investigator

Susannah Burrows

Project type

Large-Scale EMSL Research

The atmospheric concentration of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) impacts the formation and development of cloud ice crystals, affecting cloud radiative properties and precipitation. However,…

Movement and Dissolution of a Viscous, Multicomponent Light Nonaqueous-Phase Liquid in a Fluctuating Water Table System

Lead Institution

Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO-NITG

Principal Investigator

Cornelis Hofstee

Project type

Exploratory Research

Typical text book examples of Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL) sources depict a continuous oil body, submersed in the capillary fringe. In case of past fluctuations of the groundwater table, the…

Quantification and Chemical Analysis of Iron Oxidation in Microbially-Reduced Sediments

Lead Institution

Villanova University

Principal Investigator

John Komlos

Project type

Exploratory Research

The microbial reduction of iron has been shown to be an important process in the transformation and remediation of contaminated sediments. Subsequent reoxidation of microbially-reduced iron has…

Common Architecture Chemistry Components for Terascale Simulations

Lead Institution

Sandia National Laboratory

Principal Investigator

Joseph Kenny

Project type

Exploratory Research

We plan to utilize the HP cluster for porting and testing of our Common Component Architecture infrastructure and components on the IA64 architecture. In addition, we will utilize this platform in…

Rosetta ab initio protein folding

Lead Institution

Institute for Systems Biology

Principal Investigator

Richard Bonneau

Project type

Exploratory Research

We propose developing tools and scheduling techniques to make use of the unutilized compute cycles on the HP supercomputer in the Molecular Science Computing Facility to predict the structure of…

Alternative Technologies for In Situ Bioremediation of Radioactive Iodine: Microbial Reductive Methylation of Iodate to Iodocarbon Gas

Lead Institution

Georgia Institute of Technology

Principal Investigator

Thomas DiChristina

Project type

FICUS Research

The reductive methylation of water soluble iodate (IO3-) to volatile iodine (iodocarbon) gas forms the basis of alternative remediation technologies in iodine-contaminated subsurface environments…

Magnetic and transport studies of Co doped TiO2 thin films

Lead Institution

Boise State University

Principal Investigator

Alex Punnoose

Project type

Exploratory Research

Thin films of Co doped TiO2 will be prepared using the MBE and sputter deposition facilities available at PNNL. The magnetic and transport properties of the samples will then be investigated using a…

Coupling spectral techniques; Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter across the major soils and ecosystems of the United States using fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy

Lead Institution

University of Colorado at Boulder

Principal Investigator

Michael Sanclements

Project type

Large-Scale EMSL Research

This User proposal will facilitate the completion of data analysis central to the broader research effort investigating soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization and vulnerability using a multi-scale…

Computational Studies of Nanoparticle Formation and Bulk Properties for Biomineralization

Lead Institution

University of Alabama

Principal Investigator

David Dixon

Project type

Large-Scale EMSL Research

There is a critical need to develop an understanding of nanoparticle and mineral formation in systems that contain H2O, metal ions and CO2 as carbonation and hydrolysis reactions are important for…

Atomic Resolution of the Structure and Fungal Degradation of Wood Secondary Cell Walls

Lead Institution

Michigan State University

Principal Investigator

Tuo Wang

Project type

Large-Scale EMSL Research

The proposed research aims at obtaining atomic-level information to construct four structural models that reflect the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls in hardwoods and…

Aerosol-Ice Formation Closure Study Applying Ambient Aerosol Particles

Lead Institution

State University of New York at Stony Brook

Principal Investigator

Daniel Knopf

Project type

Large-Scale EMSL Research

Atmospheric ice nucleation represents one of the least understood atmospheric processes, hampering prediction of cloud processes and climate. Whereas the aerosol community has widely conducted…

Structural characterization of nodule-specific cysteine-rich antifungal peptides and their phospholipid receptors for elucidation of their modes of action

Lead Institution

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center

Principal Investigator

Dilip Shah

Project type

Large-Scale EMSL Research

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a major component of innate immunity against infectious diseases in animals and plants [2]. A feature prominent in many families of AMPs, such as defensins (Figure 1…

Coupling Measurements and Modeling to Understand the Lifecycle of Secondary Organic Aerosol over Local to Regional Scales

Lead Institution

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Principal Investigator

Jerome Fast

Project type

Large-Scale EMSL Research

Our hypothesis is that a better understanding of fast-reacting processes, such as the chemistry of volatile organic compounds associated with isoprene having a lifetime of ~minutes, is needed to make…

Palmitoylation is a dynamic regulator of plant receptor localization and function

Lead Institution

University of Missouri - Columbia

Principal Investigator

Gary Stacey

Project type

Large-Scale EMSL Research

Recent data indicate that competition between plant plasma membrane (PM) receptor palmitoylation and autophosphorylation defines inactive and active states, respectively. Hence, for any given…

The formation of pyrite and incorporation of trace element and water inclusions: a view from modern depositional settings

Lead Institution

University of Toronto

Principal Investigator

Daniel Gregory

Project type

Large-Scale EMSL Research

This project utilizes atom probe tomography (APT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate microcrystalline masses of pyrite (FeS2) at the nano-scale. These analyses will be…

In situ tracking of carbon flow through the soil microbiome

Lead Institution

Institute of Microbiology of the CAS

Principal Investigator

Petr Baldrian

Project type

Large-Scale EMSL Research

Forest soils represent an environment with high carbon (C) stocks and important hotspots of C turnover and microorganisms are the most important actors in this process. The understanding of the C…

Probing the Extreme Temperature and Salinity Limits of Deep Subsurface CH4-cycling Chemolithoautotrophic Microbial Syntrophic Communities and Their Assembly Using NanoSIMS and FISH-TAMB

Lead Institution

Princeton University

Principal Investigator

Tullis Onstott

Project type

Large-Scale EMSL Research

The specific aim of this Large-Scale EMSL proposal is to image the metabolic interactions of deep subsurface anaerobic CH4-cycling microbial consortia: 1) at high pressure and temperature; 2) at high…

Nature of Natural Organic Matter Interactions with Mineral Surfaces

Lead Institution

St. Mary's College of Maryland

Principal Investigator

Geoffrey Bowers

Project type

Large-Scale EMSL Research

The interactions of organic- and bio-molecules with minerals play a central role in controlling soil biogeochemistry; plant nutrition; chemical processes in sediments, soils, sedimentary rocks and…

Visualizing Uranium Atom Exchange in UO2 Driven by Biogeochemical Processes

Lead Institution

Washington University in St. Louis

Principal Investigator

Daniel Giammar

Project type

Large-Scale EMSL Research

Redox-driven recrystallization of metal oxides is an exciting environmental phenomenon that can influence biogeochemical cycles of both nutrients and contaminants. This phenomena occurs in systems…

Functional characterization of a defined Panicum rhizobiome

Lead Institution

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Principal Investigator

Esther Singer

Project type

Large-Scale EMSL Research

Nitrogen limitation is a global challenge for biofuel crop resilience and hence bioenergy security. Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) can help to mitigate plant stress by forming symbiotic…